TuxTraining

Please see these explainers first:

1. Root, Superuser, and User Management Basics
2. Understanding /etc/passwd, /etc/group, /etc/sudoers, and /etc/skel/
3. Linux file permissions
4. How to change a file’s owner and group in Linux

Umask is the number subtracted from the standard permissions when creating a file. Example: each new file is by default created with 666, so when umask is set to 022, the result is that the permissions will be 666 - 022 = 644 ( meaning read-write for the owner and only read for the group and all others.

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